What Is Cell Biology

Cell Biology is the discipline studying cell structural and functional unit of all living organisms Cell biology studies the physiological properties of the cell structure, organelles components interacting with the environment, cell cycle, cell division and death at a microscopic and molecular level called microbiology. The cell is the smallest unit of living organisms. Some organisms are unicellular, including bacteria, while others are multicellular as the body comprises 100 trillion cells.

Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann first developed the cell theory in 1839 is based on the concept that every single living organism is composed of one or more living cells and in 1855, Rudolf Virchow proposes an important extension of the cell theory: all cells come from living organisms pre-existing cells. So there is no spontaneous creation of dead matter cells. This idea has been demonstrated experimentally by Louis Pasteur in 1862. Cell theory postulates that an organism's vital functions are located inside cells and each cell contains all the necessary hereditary information to control cellular functions and legacy of these functions in the next generation of cells. In 1880 August Weissma completes the cell theory with the idea that all existing living cells come from a common ancestor, an ancestral cell.

Cellular and molecular biology is a fundamental discipline and in connection with biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology, pathology, genetics, microbiology, histology, pharmacology, medical semiotics, has led to the emergence of molecular medicine, the applying methods of molecular biology in diagnosis and treatment. It is a science that has emerged in the second half of the twentieth century, with the origins in classical cytology. The latest cell researches in cell biology and biochemistry in this area are focused on cancer cell. The studies are based on stem cells and which trough mitotic division they produce two cells that are able to remain in the stem cell stage, keeping the undifferentiated character, or to differentiate as a result of successive divisions. Stem cells can divide either symmetrically or two differentiated cells or asymmetric, resulting in a stem cell and a differentiated cell.