Genomics and Genome Research

What is genomics?. Is a discipline in genetics, which concerns the study of the genomes of organisms. The genomics field includes efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of the organisms and studies of intragenomic phenomena such as: Epistasis, heterosis, pleiotrophy and other interactions with loci and alleles in the genome. Genomics is known as the study of all the genes of a cell or tissue at the DNA or protein levels.

Fred Sanger was the first who established genomics when he sequenced the complete genomes of a virus and a mitochondrion. His group had established techniques for the sequencing, data storage, genome mapping and bioinformatic analysis in the 1980s.

Genetics is a discipline of Biology. Is known as the science of genes, heredity and a variety in living organisms. This discipline began to be applied by humans in prehistory with the breeding and domestication of animals and plants. Genetics are applied to the study of all living organisms from bacteria and viruses, domestic animals, plants (crops) and humans. The genetic information in an organism is usually carried by the chromosomes. Genetics are known to play a large role on the behavior and appearance of the organisms. An organism experiences the ultimate outcome by the combination of this discipline.

A gene is a unit of heredity in an organism. Genes are located in the chromosomes by segments of DNA. They contain the codes for the production of specific proteins. These genes exist in forms called Alleles. Gregor Mendel was an Austrian scientist, who discover the process by which genes are transmitted. This scientist is the founder of the new science of genomics.

What is genome?. Is the completed set of genetic material or genes present in an organism or cell. Genome carries the entire hereditary information of an organism. The human genome is known as the genomics of homo sapiens. It is stored on 23 pairs of chromosome and occupies a total over 3 billion DNA base pairs. It also has many different regulatory sequences that are crucial to controlled gene expression. A completed draft of it was done on 2001. This project was organized to map and to sequence the genome of humans.

Cell biology is the scientific discipline that studies cells. It specifically studies the cells structure, physiological properties, interactions on the environment, organelles that they contain, their life cycle, division and death. This is done by molecular and microscopic level. This scientific discipline focuses on the great diversity of single celled organisms such as protozoa and bacteria, as well as specialized cells in multi cellular organisms which are found on humans. The research done by this scientific discipline is closely related to biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology and developmental biology. Genomicsdirectory.com is a site that provides information regarding genomics and genetics.